[A]s it happens, the previous granting of clemency that is most analogous to what Bush did dates back neither to the Clinton or even the Nixon era, but to Bush's father's presidency.
In 1992, on the eve of his last Christmas in the White House, George H.W. Bush pardoned former defense secretary Caspar Weinberger and five others for their conduct related to the Iran-Contra affair, in which he himself was also loosely implicated.
As David Johnston reported in the New York Times at the time, independent prosecutor Lawrence E. Walsh was livid. "Mr. Walsh bitterly condemned the President's action, charging that 'the Iran-contra cover-up, which has continued for more than six years, has now been completed.'"
In exercising his power to lift the taint of illegality from six American patriots - former Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger; former Assistant Secretary of State Elliott Abrams; CIA officers Duane Clarridge, Alan Fiers, and Clair George; and former National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane - Bush showed mercy and wisdom. As he noted, each man acted from love of country, none profited (or even sought to profit) from his actions, and all six have long records of service to the nation.
Meanwhile, the president's pardons reaffirm some fundamental principles. Among them, that foreign policy in the United States is ultimately the domain of the president. That differences of policy are not crimes. That political disputes should be resolved through politics - i.e., elections - not through prosecutions.
Some of these six men have pleaded guilty to such "crimes" as not turning over their notes of confidential policymaking sessions. Hounded by Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh, with his unlimited budget and Simon Legree mindset, they knew they faced bankruptcy if they didn't admit guilt - even though they had done nothing wrong.
Iran-Contra was a flawed policy, not a criminal conspiracy. We hope the president, in pardoning the six, is able, as he put it, "to put bitterness behind us and look to the future." And we hope Walsh's fanatic pursuit will finally be stopped.
Back when Caspar Weinberger was secretary of defense, he and I used to meet all the time. Our "meetings" -- I choose to call them that -- took place in the Georgetown Safeway, the one on Wisconsin Avenue, where I would go to shop and Cap would too. My clear recollection is that once -- was it before Thanksgiving? -- he bought a turkey.
I tell you this about the man President Bush just pardoned because it always influenced my opinion of Weinberger. (In contrast, I submit the member of the House leadership who had an aide push the cart.) Based on my Safeway encounters, I came to think of Weinberger as a basic sort of guy, candid and no nonsense -- which is the way much of official Washington saw him. It seemed somehow cruel that he should end his career -- he's 75 -- either as a defendant in a criminal case or as a felon. The man deserved better than that.
And so when Weinberger was indicted by Lawrence E. Walsh, the special Iran-contra prosecutor, I despaired. Weinberger had been on the "right" side of the debate within the Reagan administration of whether to sell arms to Iran in exchange for the release of hostages held in Lebanon. He opposed the swap, but he did so in confidence. Clearly, he lost the argument, and he may have lost his good sense when he allegedly withheld evidence. That being said, I was pleased when he was pardoned.
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We now know that Bush kept a diary that, until recently, he withheld from the special prosecutor. My guess is that we will eventually get even more evidence of Bush's participation in the making of the arms-for-hostages policy but that, ultimately, his role will always be in dispute. That, in a way, is fitting. It conforms to his posture on raising taxes, on abortion, on civil rights and on judicial appointments, the misrepresentation of Clarence Thomas as eminently qualified for the court above all. A kind of haze, a political-ideological miasma, is the fitting legacy of the Bush presidency.
Cap, my Safeway buddy, walks, and that's all right with me. As for the other five, they are not crooks in the conventional sense but Cold Warriors who, confident in the justice of their cause, were contemptuous of Congress. Because they thought they were right, they did not think they had to be accountable. This is the damage the Cold War did to our democracy.
See? Not so hard. Dan Froomkin can do it too. They prove it's possible. But you have to be willing to go against the village which probably isn't easy. In fact, it's so daunting that it may even be necessary to replace the elders altogether if we are going to fix this mess.I harbored no personal desire to see I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby spend a long time in prison for his perjury and obstruction-of-justice convictions. People who know him tell me he is a thoughtful and interesting man, and I have no reason to doubt them.
Yet when I learned that President Bush had commuted Libby's 30-month sentence, I was enraged although not surprised. Rage should not be a standard response to political events (though avoiding it has gotten harder in recent years), so I had to ask if my anger was justified. Here's the case for getting mad and staying mad.
The core point is that "equal justice under law" either means something or it doesn't. In this case, all the facts we know tell us that Libby received far more than equal justice, as evidenced by the irregular way his commutation was handled.